Kinetic studies of some photochemical reactions of quinones

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The Fourier Spectral Method For The Sivashinsky Equation.

In this paper, a Fourier spectral method for solving the Sivashinsky equation with periodic boundary conditions is developed. We establish semi-discrete and fully discrete schemes of the Fourier spectral method. A fully discrete scheme is constructed in such a way that the linear part is treated implicitly and the nonlinear part explicitly. We use an energy estimation method to obtain error estimates for the approximate solutions. We also perform some numerical experiments

Health Issues of Mothers in Assam:An Analytical Assessment of National Family Health Surveys

Maternal mortality is one of the most serious public health concerns around the globe especially in developing countries like India. WHO estimated that almost 40% of pregnant women and 42% of children less than 5 years of age are anaemic globally and one-third of all women of reproductive age is also anaemic, and around half of maternal deaths in the world occur due only to anaemia. But the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in India has marginally declined as reported by the latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Using secondary data provided by NFHS, the study reveals that the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India as well as in Assam has declined sharply during the period from 1998 to 2018. The improvement in this maternal health aspect is associated with a drastic decline of all types of anaemia including mild, moderate and severe, which is also observed in the state of Assam. Additionally, the share of women in Assam who received maternal cares during various NFHS rounds shows considerable rise in terms of receiving Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) tablets, Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccine, antenatal care (ANC) and delivery assisted by health professionals. The study also finds that the proportion of moderately or severely thin women in Assam is greater than the national average whereas the proportion of obese and overweight women in the state is very less compared to the national level. Moreover, the consumption of nutritious food and iodized salt intake by Assamese women is satisfactory in the country

Protective role of CaCl2 against Pb2+ inhibition in photosystem II

AbstractThe Pb2+ treatment of Photosystem II (PS II) membrane fragments, either intact or depleted in 17 and 23 kDa extrinsic polypeptides, inhibits PS II activity. When CaCl2 was present in the assay, the Pb2+ inhibition was significantly reduced in both types of PS II membranes, suggesting a protective role of CaCl2 against Pb2+ inhibition. However, in either case, the degree of PS II inhibition by Pb2+ was higher in the protein depleted than in intact PS II. It showed that the loss of endogenous Ca2+ induced by polypeptide depletion causes the PS II to be more susceptible to Pb2+. The interaction of Pb2+ with CaCl2 in protein-depleted PS II was competitive. Our results suggest that Pb2+ competes for binding to the Ca2+ and Cl− active sites in the water-splitting complex. Since Pb2+ inhibition of PS II activity cannot be reversed by CaCl2 but can be reversed by diphenylcarbazide, we conclude that Pb2+ induced inhibition of PS II activity was mediated via the water-splitting system

ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVAILING BARRIERS IN PROMOTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AMONG THE INTER LEVEL COLLEGE STUDENTS OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR

Participation of college students in physical activities is necessary for their mental, developmental and academic growth. Understanding of the significance and guidance provided by mentor play a key role in promotion of students’ participation in physical activities.  Nevertheless, there are several factors which offer hindrances to active involvement of college students in physical activities. In this study, we investigated the prevailing barriers in participation of college students of district Peshawar (n = 400) in physical activities. Respondents were selected from all the Government colleges of District Peshawar (male and female). Results indicated that there were significant effect of the barriers regarding lack of facilities, playgrounds, sports gears, lack of parental and student’s interest in their participation in sports in colleges. Based on students’ responses, the most prevalent barriers in promoting physical activities at college level were busy study schedule (86 %), lack of parental and social interest (84 %), parental preference of academic achievements over physical activities (82%) and negligence of sports activities in college time table (79 %).

Effects of magnesium stearate on the efficient dispersion of salbutamol sulphate from carrier-based dry powder inhaler formulations

Dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations is one of the most useful aerosol preparations in which drugs may be formulated as carrier-based interactive mixtures with micronised drug particles (<5 μm) adhered onto the surface of large inert carriers (lactose powders). The addition of magnesium stearate (MgSt) (1-3), was found to increase dispersion of various drugs from DPI formulations. Recently, some active compounds coated with 5% (wt/wt) MgSt using the mechanofusion method showed significant improvements in aerosolization behavior due to the reduction in intrinsic cohesion force (4). Application of MgSt in powder formulations is not new; however, no studies demonstrated the minimum threshold level for this excipient in efficient aerosolization of drug powders from the interactive mixtures. Therefore, this study investigated the role of MgSt concentration on the efficient dispersion of salbutamol sulphate (SS) from DPI formulations